Drawer 02 · 539 notes · 32 people · 2005–2026

Discovery & customer research

Customer interviews, opportunity mapping, validation, and jobs to be done

Q:
Answers from Discovery & customer research notes, cited
SVPG · Marty CaganApr 2, 2011

The Importance Of Failing

Apr 2, 2011

Marty Cagan argues that product teams learn most when they put early, rough ideas in front of real users, and that they should do so faster than feels comfortable. He notes that polishing ideas in private mostly deepens…

Product Talk · Teresa TorresAug 19, 2014

Ask About the Past Rather Than the Future

Aug 19, 2014 · 4 min

Teresa Torres recounts meeting a fitness-trainer founder at a startup pitch event whose customer definition was vague and whose validation relied on survey answers about hypothetical future purchases. She argues that…

Product Talk · Teresa TorresAug 19, 2013

Why You Only See What You Want to See

Aug 19, 2013 · 4 min

Teresa Torres argues that product teams often fall for confirmation bias: people notice evidence that supports their ideas and overlook disconfirming signals, even when given the same data. Her example shows how…

Product Talk · Teresa TorresFeb 3, 2016

Are You a Product Manager? Let’s Talk

Feb 3, 2016

Teresa Torres, a product coach and course creator, announces she is recruiting product managers and product leaders for customer interviews. She argues that after two years of teaching and coaching, she needs to…

SVPG · Marty CaganAug 10, 2026

A Fresh Definition of The Product Role

Aug 10, 2026 · 5 min

Marty Cagan reflects on the many competing definitions of the product role and argues that how a product person defines their job reveals a lot about their experience. He highlights an analysis by technology analyst…

Lenny’s Podcast88 min

Becoming evidence-guided

Itamar Gilad · Sep 21, 2023
Key learnings
  • Build product from evidence rather than opinion; a leader's conviction should be tested with customer data, interviews, and…
  • Define clear, user-facing goals first, and map them with a metrics tree linking a North Star metric (value created for users) to…
  • Use ICE (impact, confidence, ease) to score ideas, and be honest about confidence using the confidence meter: opinions and themes…
SVPG · Marty CaganAug 17, 2007

Charter Customer Programs

Aug 17, 2007 · 12 min

Cagan argues that strong products are the foundation of a sustainable business, and that weak products force sales and marketing into costly workarounds and frustrate customers. The remedy he proposes is a Charter…

SVPG · Marty CaganNov 6, 2025

Prototypes vs Products

Nov 6, 2025 · 4 min

Marty Cagan argues that a new wave of generative AI prototyping tools has been a good development for product discovery, but it has created confusion among product managers who fail to distinguish a prototype from a…

SVPG · Marty CaganApr 9, 2008

Eating Dog Food?

Apr 9, 2008 · 3 min

Marty Cagan revisits the Silicon Valley slogan "we eat our own dog food," which he once repeated at Netscape, and now calls it meaningless. Using your own product is just another form of QA, not something to brag about…

Product Talk · Teresa TorresJan 7, 2015

Run Experiments Before You Write Code

Jan 7, 2015 · 5 min

Teresa Torres argues that the Lean Startup loop of Build, Measure, Learn starts in the wrong place, and that teams should instead Learn, Build, Measure. Building first means writing code for features that often fail…

SVPG · Marty CaganJun 23, 2017

The Customer Letter

Jun 23, 2017 · 3 min

Marty Cagan describes a discovery framing technique for larger product efforts, such as redesigns, where a simple opportunity assessment may not convey enough value. He builds on Amazon's 'working backwards' practice of…

SVPG · Marty CaganNov 29, 2013

Personas for Product Management

Nov 29, 2013 · 3 min

Marty Cagan argues that product teams should design for specific personas rather than vague generic users. Using eBay seller tools as an example, he sketches three detailed fictional people with different backgrounds…

SVPG · Marty CaganOct 24, 2019

Coaching – Customer-Centricity

Oct 24, 2019 · 5 min

Marty Cagan argues that customer-centricity is a core trait for product managers that is shaped heavily by company culture and by what leaders demonstrate. He stresses that the true customer should be defined narrowly…

SVPG · Marty CaganMay 19, 2016

Developer Powered Innovation

May 19, 2016

Marty Cagan argues against a common fallacy in the tech industry: that developers only care about building tools for other developers. He contends that most engineers are passionate about solving real problems for real…