Drawer 11 · 316 notes · 58 people · 2005–2026

Metrics, data & experimentation

North-star metrics, analytics, A/B tests, and data-informed decisions

Q:
Answers from Metrics, data & experimentation notes, cited
Lenny’s Podcast96 min

The ultimate guide to A/B testing

Ronny Kohavi · Jul 27, 2023
Key learnings
  • Test every code change, since even small bug fixes or tiny UI tweaks can have surprising, large impact on key metrics.
  • Expect most ideas to fail: roughly two-thirds to over 90% of experiments in his experience did not move the target metric, so…
  • Allocate a portion of experiments to high-risk, high-reward bets, accepting that about 80% will fail, while keeping most work…
Lenny’s Newsletter · Free post♥ 172

How to measure cohort retention

Aug 30, 2022 · 18 min

Olga Berezovsky, guest-writing for Lenny Rachitsky, argues that cohort retention is widely misunderstood and costly to get wrong, and offers a practical guide to measuring it. She recommends defining "active" by the…

Lenny’s Newsletter · Free post♥ 1,022

How Duolingo reignited user growth

Feb 28, 2023 · 21 min

Jorge Mazal, former CPO of Duolingo, recounts how the company reversed a slide in daily active user growth and eventually grew DAU about 4.5x over four years. The journey began with failed attempts: a…

Lenny’s Podcast173 min

Building product at Stripe: craft, metrics, and customer obsession

Jeff Weinstein · Jul 11, 2024
Key learnings
  • Treat a customer who takes time to complain as a rare gift; respond quickly and personally, since speed signals that you care.
  • Before investing in craft or polish, confirm the product solves a burning problem customers would pause their day for; polish…
  • Discount feedback from friends and casual users; focus on the specific target customer who has the problem and would pay to solve…
Lenny’s Podcast131 min

Why AI evals are the hottest new skill for product builders

Hamel Husain & Shreya Shankar · Sep 25, 2025
Key learnings
  • Evals are systematic ways to measure and improve an AI application, essentially data analytics on LLM behavior, replacing…
  • Start with error analysis by manually reviewing around 100 sampled traces and writing short notes on the first upstream failure…
  • Product people with domain expertise should lead open coding; appoint one 'benevolent dictator' whose judgment you trust instead…
Lenny’s Newsletter · Free post♥ 108

Choosing Your North Star Metric

Jun 16, 2021

“This is just quick email to let you know I wrote a guest post for Future (a16z’s new media site) that I’m pretty excited about. It’s a guide for helping you choose your North Star Metric(s), based on a survey of current and past employees at over 40 of today’s most successful growth-stage companies. Check out the table below for a glimpse of what you’ll find. Your North Star Metric is your strategy, and your strategy is your North Star…”

Lenny’s Podcast108 min

Marketplace lessons from Uber, Airbnb, Bumble, and more

Ramesh Johari · Nov 9, 2023
Key learnings
  • Marketplaces sell the removal of friction (transaction costs) rather than the underlying goods, and both sides are customers who…
  • Don't build a marketplace before you have one: early on, find a bespoke value proposition that solves a real problem (e.g…
  • Apply a scaled-liquidity smell test: if you don't have a lot of buyers and sellers, you're not yet a marketplace; if one side is…
Lenny’s Podcast91 min

Building a world-class data org

Jess Lachs · Jul 14, 2024
Key learnings
  • Treat analytics as a business-impact function with a seat at the table, answering 'so what do we do now?' rather than only…
  • A central analytics org with pods mapped to partner teams keeps talent bars consistent, creates growth paths, and avoids…
  • Carve out intentional time for self-directed deep dives, such as hackathons, because exploratory work is the first thing to slip…
Lenny’s Newsletter♥ 13

When NOT to run an experiment – Issue 54

Dec 1, 2020 · 7 min
Subscriber post — summary only

The post argues that experiments are usually the right default for product changes, but describes when to skip them. It covers the benefits and downsides of A/B testing, then three cases to ship without testing: when…

Lenny’s Podcast74 min

How to scrappily hire for, measure, and unlock growth

Crystal W · Jul 31, 2022
Key learnings
  • Run Wizard of Oz style experiments before building: use WhatsApp groups, screenshots, or manual processes to validate demand…
  • Experiments are worth running even with around 30 users; the trends stay similar, and precision improves with more data, while…
  • Define retention concretely as cohort retention; for a free weekly product, expect roughly 60% of the prior week's users to…
Lenny’s Podcast76 min

Using behavioral science to improve your product

Kristen Berman · Oct 2, 2022
Key learnings
  • Pick an uncomfortably specific behavior to change rather than a vague outcome like 'engagement'; teams should align on the exact…
  • Map every step required to perform the target behavior (a behavioral diagnosis) and attach the psychological barriers at each…
  • Reduce logistical and cognitive barriers to make desired behaviors easier, since people default to the path of least resistance…
SVPG · Marty CaganFeb 15, 2016

Ten Keys to Product Optimization

Feb 15, 2016 · 6 min

Cagan argues that product optimization, typically A/B testing and iterative tuning, is often confused with product discovery, and that optimization only makes sense after a team has found product/market fit. He…

Product Talk · Teresa TorresSep 18, 2012

Measuring The Impact Of Each User Story

Sep 18, 2012 · 3 min

Teresa Torres argues that choosing product themes is not enough; teams also need a way to predict and measure how each user story moves the product goal. Using an event-site example with the goal of increasing the…

Lenny’s Podcast114 min

The ultimate guide to Martech

Austin Hay · Aug 13, 2023
Key learnings
  • MarTech treats the marketing systems and platforms, both third-party and first-party, as products, and centers on people and…
  • A dedicated systems or MarTech owner usually becomes necessary somewhere around 100 to 150 people, when a village approach to…
  • Pick tools to solve specific problems, and combine buying a tool for most of the solution with building the remaining custom…